L'articolo esplora il dibattito sulla crioterapia, una pratica comune nella riabilitazione, evidenziando i suoi potenziali effetti negativi sulla performance muscolare e la mancanza di protocolli standardizzati. Viene sottolineato come l'uso del ghiaccio possa aumentare il gonfiore e prolungare il recupero interferendo con la risposta infiammatoria naturale del corpo.
Cryotherapy between myth and reality
During the XXVII° International Dance Medicine & Science Conference held in Houston in October 2017, space was given to a "duel" of opinions on one of the most widespread practices in rehabilitation: Cryotherapy. Here we present an excerpt from this debate, conducted by two PhDs in Physiotherapy, Valerie Williams, of Brunel University in London, and Rosalinda Canizares, of Duke University in Durham, USA.
Icing has always been considered an essential injury management skill. If used with safe application, it is a cheap, effective, drugless method for relieving pain after musculoskeletal injuries. But it should not be used on everyone as it can be harmful, especially because we have no standardization of protocol. Deleterious effects have been documented in the literature, including skin burns, nerve damage, and cold-induced nerve palsy. Basic science literature shows that cooling is detrimental to muscle performance based on cold-induced decreases to nerve conduction velocity, receptor firing rate, muscle spindle activity, myotatic stretch reflex and ion diffusion at the motor end plate. Ice has been found to have negative effects on strength, endurance, hand and finger dexterity, and performance outcome measures. Outcome measures negatively affected by cryotherapy include throwing accuracy, vertical jump, and various running-based agility tests, including shuttle run times. Moreover, there are studies saying that, actually, it increases swelling and prolongs recovery disrupting the natural body inflammatory response.
It has been suggested in the literature that using cryotherapy to manage acute soft tissue injury is based largely on anecdotal evidence.